Shock Absorber (Damper)
Main function: Quickly dampens the reciprocating vibrations of the springs, prevents continuous bouncing of the vehicle body, and ensures good contact between the tires and the road surface.
Working principle: Converts mechanical energy into heat energy dissipation through hydraulic or pneumatic damping; compression stroke has low damping to cushion impacts, while extension stroke has high damping to suppress rebound.
Types: Include cylinder hydraulic shock absorbers (twin-tube, single-tube gas-charged, twin-tube gas-charged), CDC variable damping shock absorbers, MRC magnetorheological shock absorbers, etc.
Elastic Elements (such as springs)
Main function: Support the weight of the vehicle body, absorb and soften impact energy from uneven road surfaces.
Common types: Coil springs, leaf springs, torsion bar springs, air springs, rubber springs, etc.
Characteristics of air springs: Adjustable stiffness and vehicle height, suitable for active suspension systems, commonly found in mid-to-high-end models.
Guiding Mechanism (Link/Control Arm/Triangle Arm)
Main function: Connect wheels to the vehicle body, control the wheel motion trajectory, transmit longitudinal, lateral forces, and torque, ensuring accurate wheel positioning.
Structural forms: Include double wishbone, MacPherson, multi-link, torsion beam, etc.; control arms are usually A-shaped (triangular arms), with one end connected to the steering knuckle via a ball joint and the other end connected to the subframe or vehicle body via a bushing.
Key details: If the control arm bushing is aged or cracked, it can cause abnormal noise, misalignment, and other issues, requiring regular inspection.
Stabilizer Bar (Anti-Roll Bar)
Main function: Reduce body roll when the vehicle corners, improving lateral stability.
Working method: Balances the load on left and right wheels through torsional stiffness, suppressing tilt caused by centrifugal force.
